Knowledge of Hotel Management

What is Hotel ?

     Hotel is a home away from home. It is located according to the area and needs of tourist in different place of the world. Basically Hotels provide eating and lodging facilities but as a additional facilities Hotels provide swimming pool, bar, restaurant, shopping etc.

H - Hospitality (quality product and services.)

O - Organization of

T - Tourism activities of

E - Eating and

L - Lodging

What is Hospitality  Industry?

         Hospitality Industry is dedicated(committed) to provide product and services to the guest (costumer).

Hotel's Sector

•          Account
•          Food and Beverage
•          House Keeping
•          Front Office
•          Sales and Marketing

Introduction of Hospitality Industry

      Hospitality means to provide quality service nad good products to the costumer or excellent service to the guest. To fit in Hospitality service, we should have the quality of friendliness, helpfulness and willingness towards the guestneeds and expectation by being exthusiatic (excited), courteous (polite) and deserving (perfect).

  This industry is gradually and especially classified into two sectors:-

1) Private Sector

           Accomodation,catering,transport,travel agency,tours,operators,entertainment nad leisure products, guides and information services are included in private sector.

2) Public/Government sector

            Planning and devwlopment, transportation, power, immigration, costum and exercise, marketing, licensing and regulation are included in public/Government sector.

concept and meaning of Tourism

  Tourism

            "Tourism" word is derived from the french word "Tourisme"  which means to tour and travel. It is the process of temporary movement in the particular destination doing by human that start from point and ends by the point, where he/she started the journey from.

              According to the Tourism society of united kingdom,"tourism is the temporary movement of people to destination outside of the places where they normally live and stay and work and their activities during their stay at these destination."

              In 1942 A.D , the two swiss professors walter hunziker and kurt kraft had defined tourism as," Torism is the sum of phenomenon and relationship arising from the travel and stay of non-resident and are not connected with any earning activities.

             In 1998, International Union of Official Tourism Organization( IUOTO ) and World Tourism Organization (WTO) had defined tourism and tourists as "The tourism is the living activities at the spotlight."

             At the glance:-  " Tourism is a phenomenon of human character related to tour and traveling at a particular area, locality, sites, places etc. But without any reason for temporary stay is not termed as tourism. It is also known as the simple ideology (simple idea or thought) of tour.

Nature of tourism

           The nature of tourism is closely connected with traveling. It has been a human phenomenon since the beginning of human civilization. In previous time, the traveller stared (fear) traveling as a nomads in search of food and pray. It is a very sensitive factor of human nature of the context of moving to know the unknown explore and service. 

     The nature of tourism is described in the following headings:-

1. Tourism and service.
2. Tourism is a contributer to the economy.
3. Tourism comprises of various industrial business.
4. Tourism products are highly perishable.
5. Tourism is an incessant industry.
6. Tourism is an inspiration to motivation of life style.
7. Tourism helps in educating the mass. 

Component of tourism

         Tourism is the activities of tourists and those who cater for them. To make the tourism activities aspiring (luxurious) and fulfilled. The following components plays the important role in tourism:-

1. Attraction:- It is the most important component to tickle (to amuse) the desire of human feelings, we can found the various attractions categorized into following types:-

• Nature attraction :- Created by nature in its natural form. It includes the natural beauties.Such as lakes, rivers, mountains, beaches, sea, himalayan peaks, jungle, valley, ravine(narrow valley between high hills), flora and fauna etc.
• Artificial/ man- made attraction :- It is developed by people such as cultural and historical place, zoos, theme park, hotel, restaurant, casino, archaelogical site etc.

   2.    Accessibility :- It is another important component of tourism and as well as tourists. It is related to

          transport. It makes easy to reach attractive destination. A tourist spends 40% of his/her budget on fare.

• Road transportation(public and private vechicles)
• Rail transportation(public railways)
• Sea transportation(public and private)
• Air transportation(Public and private airlines)

  3.      Accomodation and caterting :- It is the most important things for tourism industry for tourist. When

           they reached on attractive place, it is not enough to them. They need shelter, food and drinks, at the

           destination during tour. For e.g. accommodation and catering are hotels, lodges, apartments, camps, 

           restaurant, pubs etc.

   4.     Amenities/facilites :- Without amenities and facilities, tourism andustry can't be complete. It can help

           to fulfill tourists needs and expectation. For e.g :- immigration, visa, biking, foreign exchange, travel, 

           treeking, hiking(long walking), rafting, sauna and jacuzzi etc.

           It also includes :-

                   Infrastructure and superin frastructure :-

• Under infrastructure :- Electricity, airports, roads, railway, water and sewage, park, police, telecommunicate etc.
• Under superstructures :- Air craft, trains, buses, coaches, hotel, restaurants, banks, telecommunication outlets, recreation center etc.

Evolution of tourism

          Development of tourism started since the beginning of human civilization. Evolution of tourism refers to the gradual (slowly) development of the tourism activities from the past to present and also it will be continue in the future too.

         The evolution of tourism can be divided into 3 phases :-

1. Tourism before railways :- This period represents the period before 1840 A.D. Before the industrial revolution travel was primarily under-taken for the purpose of trade and pilgrimage. In medieval period

(12^th to 17^th century) European had different nation of travelling. If someone can't visit any new places in his/her entire life, he/she is to be neglected in the society. So every individuals supposed to visit at least Italy. At the end of Medieval period, the reason of travelling drastically changed. Most of the people started to travel abroad for the purpose of higher education. At that time Aristrocrafts used to sent thier children to the abroad for higher education. 

     In 18^th century, purpose of travelling gradually , changed. People starte to travel for spa and are of some presistent diseases. People believed that after taking bath in the sea, they would get recovered.

2.               Tourism with railways :- The second phase of development of tourism is started after 1830A.D.

           Development of railways revolutionized the entire scenario  of the travelling on that first time rail linked            between Liverpool and Manchester.

               After 1841 A.D the concept of tourism developed gradually. Thomas cook regarded as the father 

          of modern tourism. He initiated the concept of travel agency and he was the pioneer of travel

       organization. In 1883, Mr. Henry lunn also con capitalized about the modern winter sport. He developed the adventure tourism. In 18^th century people started to travel by stem engine and ships. On that time Trans, Atlantic trade and deep sea shipping became very popular. In between 1872 – 1891 A.D, travel cheque and American express card was introduced in America. It make the visitor more facilitated and secured.

 In 18^th century, Industrial revolution got very great change in Europe. People started to migrate from rural to urban. They left agriculture and started to work in factories. They got 1 day in a week and one montly leave annually. Then they started to travel during holidays. Hence, hotels and resorts were established for them.

3.     Tourism after 2^nd world war :- By the onset(starting) of 20^th century, the third phase of tourism was developed. A large number of people started to visited new destination. After the 2^nd world war the hospitality industry almost became non- existent. After 2^nd world war people became quiet busy, they did not have time to visit abroad for long duration. After sometime they needed comfortable, fast and safe transportation. So, they used Jet planes to their journey. People used to travel in package and it became a part of life style and tourism industry became a pure industry. This type of tourism is called "Mass Tourism".
After sometimes tourism became one of largest industry in the world. By 1960's people became conscious on environment issues, there were lots of visitors of costal area which made the area more polluted. Todays, lots of NGO's and INGO's organizations, entreprenurs(प्रायोजन) and public sectors have focus to save the environment. Hence, 21^stcentury tourism brown as the century of friend tourism.

Nationally

Evolution of tourism in Nepal

In Nepal, tourism programme was launched in 1956-1961. It was the first five year plan of tourism history in Nepal. In 1962, the three year plan was launched. In this period transportation and communication power got some progress.
In 1950 A.D, the successful sealing(ब्यवस्थापन) of Mt. Annapurna and in 1953 AD. Mt. Everest Emphasised and popularised by Nepalese people in the world. In coronation ceremony, the late king Mahendra was helped to tourism industry.
During 1962-1965, 214000$ amount was earned through the foreign exchange. In 4^th July 1958, Royal Nepal airlines corporation (RNAC) existence, Tribhuvan International Airport (TIA) was prepared from 1970-1975. Another important project was possibility study on pokhara to develop it as a secondary tourist destination by the pacific area travel destination by the pacific area travelassociation (PATA). Nepal academy of tourism and hotel management (NATHM) was established in 1972. It was the first of ots kind in the country to generate trained and skilled manpower requried by the tourism industry.
The meaning of tourism to the economy of Nepal was fully recognized by the government in the priority given to its development in 4^th five year plan (1970-1975) and 5^th year plan (1975-1980). A high level tourism cooperation committee was created in 1978 in Kathmandu. The visit Nepal year announced in 1998, aimed to attract five lakhs tourists. In the year 1999 the total tourist arrived was 4 lakhs 91thousand and five hundred four (4, 91, 504), this figure has remained the highest till today. In 2005, the visitor arrived by nationality shows that the majority of tourism in Nepal is from India (33%) followed by Europe (30%) Asia (19%), USA and Canada (7%), Australia (2%) and other (9%).